Paving the way

Ken Rudin writes on the NPR web site that if the Democrats become the first major party to nominate either an African-American or a woman for President, they certain would not be the first party to do so. He has compiled a list of third party candidates who have been either female or black:

WOMEN: Victoria Woodhull (Equal Rights Party, 1872); Belva Lockwood (Equal Rights Party, 1884 and 1888); Charlene Mitchell (Communist Party, 1968); Linda Jenness (Socialist Workers Party, 1972); Margaret Wright (People's Party, 1976); Deirdre Griswold (Workers World Party, 1980); Ellen McCormack (Right to Life Party, 1980); Maureen Smith (Peace and Freedom Party, 1980); Sonia Johnson (Citizens Party, 1984); Willa Kenoyer (Socialist Party, 1988); Lenora Fulani (New Alliance Party, 1988 and 1992); Gloria La Riva (Workers World Party, 1992); Helen Halyard (Socialist Equality Party, 1992); Marsha Feinland (Peace and Freedom Party, 1996); Mary Hollis (Socialist Party, 1996); Diane Templin (Independent American Party, 1996); Monica Moorehead (Workers World Party, 1996 and 2000).

BLACKS: Clifton DeBerry (Socialist Workers Party, 1964); Charlene Mitchell (Communist Party, 1968); Eldridge Cleaver (Peace and Freedom Party, 1968); Dick Gregory (Freedom and Peace Party, 1968); Lenora Fulani (New Alliance Party, 1988 and 1992); Ron Daniels (Peace and Freedom Party, 1992); Monica Moorehead (Workers World Party, 1996 and 2000).